April 15, 2008
Stress leads to other changes in the brain, to name a few: changes in the central nervous system, problems in cortical function, and dysfunctional regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis (Maxfield, n.d.), both involved in the fear response (Children’s Bureau et al., 2001). The evidence is clear. Early abuse and trauma clearly [...]
April 14, 2008
Indeed, stress leads to many problems. Stress experienced during the early years was found to be linked to withstanding changes in brain structures that moderate the response to stress (Bremner, 2003). More specifically, the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex are affected by damage to neurotransmitter systems including norepinephrine, benzodiazepine, opiate, and dopaminergic (Bremner, 2003). Alterations [...]